Red Headed Stepchild
(The Barrett family memoir of Navy Life)
by Sophie Ruth Meranski with photos
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Tim O Mahony was a first cousin of Ann Loretto Buckley, where John Barrett jr. visited in 1970s in Moskeigh Templemartin and a second cousin of Commander John Berchmans Barrett USN. His mother Catherine Buckley O Mahony was one of three daughters of Michael Buckley of Moskeigh 1834-1918 and his wife Mary O Reilly. She had brothers Patrick and Michael Buckley and a sister Ellen in Presentation nuns in Aberdeen South Dakota. Tim had younger brothers James and John who moved with their families to Preston, Lancashire, England. Tim's sister Mary Ellen O Mahony became an American citizen for some years living in Cambridge Massachusetts about 1925-1932 but returned to live with her family in Castle Lack. There were hard times in Ireland in 1930s and during World War II, so Tim did not marry until he was able to offer Norah Hickey her own home on the farm but after he was fifty years of age, they had a son John now operating the farm and duaghters Catherine and Ann O Mahony. John Barrett saw Tim and Norah and their three children many times in the 1970s and met Tim's sister who passed away 1973 and his brother James on a visit. John O Mahony has four children as of 1990s and his sisters are married and have families also. Norah O Mahony was in the habit of saying "Better an old man's darling than a young man's slave". Loretto and May Buckley were frequent visitors at the Castle Lack farm. In 1977 John Barrett accompanied the Catle Lack O Mahony family to an O Mahony genealogical gathering at the Castle Mor limstone works where bricks are manufactured. The name O Mahony goes back at least to their ancestor the Ard Ri (high king) Brian Boru, who repulsed at Danish invasion in 1013 or 1014 at Clontarf on the east coast of Dublin when he was eighty-eght years old. The principal site of the O Mahonys was nearby in Gurranes townland of Templemartin parish. Jack Barrett's mother's mother's mother Ellen O Mahony was some relation to Tim's family, but the precise connection does not appear in available records. They were second cousins through the Buckley link. |
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Josh Steward, Jesse Breidenbach, Raymond Dickinson, Kurt DeWees, Jared Gates Forks offensive line. CHINA gunboat TULSA 1930-31 38 Jack used mainly a German Voightlander purchased San Francisco June l929 en route to Philippines and a Kodak Speed Graphic purchased for $250 in Honolulu 1944 with tripod, flash and yellow and infrared filters.speed thousandth-second"Willie Steele" Story told to Sophie by Jack Barrett When Jack was Gunnery Officer on ther USS TULSA in Tientsin in 1930, he enjoyed going to the Tientsin Club after work about five in the afternoon, before my arrival November 1930. The Club was for men only - a chance to relax and get acquainted with men of many nationalities with good conversation. At the Tientsin Club he met businessman Faison Jordon, Mr. Reymolds of Ford Motors, and "Willie" Steele, head of The Tientsin Pukow Railway line. According to Jack ,Willie was a tremendous Scotsman with a tremendous appetite for good food, good liquor, and good conversation. When Jack said to him, "Willie, are you a Highlander or a Lowlander?" Willie struck Jack hard on the back in friendly fashion and replied, "Ach, mon, that's all past and done!" Sophie Meranski Barrett at Tientsin County Club photo by Tientsin Police Chief Isemonger CHINAchapter TULSA CHAPTER INTRODUCTION BY JOHN BARRETT-- Sophie Barrett's chapter "Living in the Orient" begins with her arrival November 13, 1930. Jack Barrett had been in North China since May, 1930. He arrived on destroyer TRUXTUN, was detached about May 15, and spent six days leave at Marine Barracks, American Legation, Peking, where he discussed gunnery with his 1910 ITASCA Revenue Cutter School shipmate William Rupertus. Then Jack was Gunnery Officer,First Lieutenant, Senior Watch Officer and temporarily Executive Officer of the gunboat TULSA based at Tientsin. At first Walter Decker was Captain, succeeded by Commander Paul Rice. The Rice family became very close friends of the Barrett family over many years in China, Panama, Hawaii, and after the war, and they may be introduced by several letters. Paul Rice lived to age 95 1886-1981 and his wife Gertrude to age 102 + 1/2 born Juneau, Alaska, December 3, 1893 to July 25, 1996. Her father was a silver miner named Hammond, and her mother's father named Coleman was one of the first 1847 settlers of St. Paul, Oregon in the Willamette Valley. He had eleven children. Gertrude had three older sisters, one of whom married Navy Admiral Cross. The Hammond family came to the San Francisco Bay area 1906 or 1907 shortly after the great earthquake and fire. In 1917 Gertrude married Naval Academy 1909 graduate Paul Rice, and their daughter Nathalie, born June 1919 was eleven years old when Sophie arrived in Tientsin. Nathalie was trained in social work and said Sophie played a part in interesting her in the field. The friendship of the Rice family was extremely beneficial for Sophie as a young Navy wife in a strange land, and Paul Rice's encouragement helped Jack Barrett achieve promotion to Lieutenant Commander and another fifteen highly productive years in his Navy career. These letters will introduce Gertrude and Paul Rice: Mrs. Paul H. Rice (Gertrude) 523 South Hudson Avenue, Pasadena, California 91106 22 July l970 Dear Sophie, We would be glad to write to Bill Paca if you would send his address. You've never written if he is married. I thought he did marry many years ago. The things he wrote about Jack must have pleased you. It seems that somehow they should be woven into your book. I'm sure that Paul always looks to his command of the TULSA as one of his most happy commands. Strangely enough he had a command in every grade, beginning with Ensign. He had a great regard for the officers that served with him on "the TULSA," and there always seemed to be such a good relationship. I always thought the China duty the best thing the Navy had to offer, but of course we've never been in Europe. Nath has three children, two boys and a girl. Chris is 24, John is 20, and Erica 18. Nathalie is Mrs. J. V Hawley (Mrs. Vernon Hawley 333 Marion Avenue, Mill Valley California 94941." PAUL RICE letter On February l0,l970 a letter came from Paul Rice Captain USN who was with us on the TULSA in Tientsin l930-3l, visited Panama in l935 & lived in Waikiki l94l when the war struck until February l942."Dear John, As you surmise,Sexton was a classmate of mine, class of l909 at the Naval Academy. Captain Samuel Wilder King was a classmate- knew him very well.He relieved me of command of the USS SAMAR at Hankow,China in June,l9l5. We had no Chaplain on the TULSA. As I remember the anchorage at the entrance of the Hai Ho River was called Tangku. The TULSA used oil-not coal.I spent about three years on the Yangtze- had command of the SAMAR & navigated it to Ichang one thousand miles up the river.Navigation on the river was similar to that on the Mississippi,I suppose.During the summer floods good sized ships could navigate to Hankow.Of course Gertrude & I would be glad to try to identify pictures.Mrs. Rice says she & Nathalie met your uncle Bill in New York City in l942 (but did not meet your aunt Virginia)).Please give our regards to your mother.Sincerely, Paul H. Rice." Sophie added a note: "Jack & I sailed from Tangku to Japan on the Chowan Maru.Tangku is where the Japanese soldiers crossed their swords on my chest when I started to the wrong dock where a Japanese Army troop ship was next to the passenger ship dock." [[PHOTO LIST 1-6, 4-27, 5-38, 7-49,53, 8-62, 17-135,136 18-137,138,139, 29-863, 36-918, 37-924, 39-945, 46-1002,49-1024, 53-1067,1068, 64-1160, -1371, 90-1381,1382 After l993 thefts of desks, bureaus, furniture, books and papers in West Roxbury l993, photo web p. 18 #139 is the only remaining photo of an outstanding group taken by Mr. Isemonger spring l931 at Tientsin Country Club. He and his daughter Tina arrived at Tientsin just after the Barretts December 1930 from India, and he became chief of police in British concession of Tientsin, where Court Hotel was located.He was a frequent luncheon visitor to the Court Hotel, sometimes accompanied by his daughter Tina.He was frequently helpful to both Jack and Sophie. The loss of the Tientsin country Club photos was a great disappointment, and also a group of photos of Sophie taken at Yamamoto studios Tientsin. p 18 #] p 26-796 China- arrive Nov 1930- Liang, Rice,New Years,Fleet Maneuvers 1931-Paca letter-Mukden incident- GUNBOAT TULSA - CHINA "LIVING IN THE ORIENT" MAIN SOPHIE BARRETT TEXT NOVEMBER 1930 - ARRIVAL CHINGWANTAO + TIENTSIN + COURT HOTEL + GUNBOAT TULSA + RICE FAMILY Between Manila & Hong Kong on the transport HENDERSON we encountered a typhoon when the ship rocked & pitched dangerously & even I spent much time in my bunk-not because I was seasick but because it was not safe to be on deck.An Army wife,Florence Hilldring,came aboard in Manila for the trip to Chingwantao en route to Peking for a change of climate as she found Manila too hot & humid. Finally on the thirteenth of November l930 the ship arrived early in the morning at Chingwantao far in in northern China near the Manchurian border.Jack met the ship and had breakfast aboard. I was at the head of the gangway and watched him come aboard in Navy blue winter uniform.We smiled and waved to each other for about half an hour while the ship tied up.He brought a new dark gray heavy woolen steamer rug (English) to use on the train trip from Chingwantao to Tientsin one hundred twenty-five miles. Although Jack was very thin,he looked well & very happy to see me & was most complimentary about my small velvet hat & my coat trimmed with Persian lamb fur. We took first a train, then a motor car to the Court Hotel on Victoria Road in the British concession where we had lunch-called "tiffen" by the Australian woman Miss Moore who owned the small hotel.Then Jack dropped the bomb.He told me that Captain Paul Rice had held the TULSA over one day so Jack could meet me & get me settled.The next morning-early-the TULSA would sail for Shanghai for a priod of overhaul & liberty- & I would be left alone again-this time in the Orient where I knew no one.I left the hotel with him right after tiffen to go the mile to the ship.Two ricksha coolies came up,& Jack signalled me to get into one. Jack gave the Chinese command "Dong-y-dong" for them to proceed. At first I was reluctant to have human beings wait on me in this way, but it was a necessity for European women, and they were glad to have the money, at a time when most Chinese lived in extreme poverty.We arrived at the Court Hotel by taxi from the railroad station in time to have lunch "tiffen" there.Then we went by rickshaw down Victoria Road to the TULSA - about a five to ten minute walk- on the dock on the Hai Ho River.I met some of Jack's shipmates and looked over the many linen items Jack had bought in China.About four p.m. we went by rickshaw to call on Mrs. Faison Jordan, wife of an American business executive for a British company, who was friendly at the Tientsin Country Club. When she found out that I was a Mount Holyoke graduate,she told us about Mrs. Evans, leader of the Mount Holyoke Alumnae Club of North China, whose husband was a Tientsin lawyer. We made a short call on Mrs. Evans, who told me that my former student Grace Liang was living in Tientsin.Grace soon called on me at the Court Hotel and later entered my name in the Mount Holyoke Club of North China. The Liangs lived at 314 Elgin Avenue in the British Concession of Tientsin, where the Court Hotel was located also. About five o'clock we went to call at the home of our TULSA commander - Commander and Mrs. Paul Rice at 127 Meadows Road, also in the British Concession. The TULSA was leaving for Shanghai the next day and Captain Rice had held the ship at Tientsin an extra day or two so that Jack could await my arrival. "Captain" Rice was really a Navy Commander, class of 1909 at the Naval Academy. When Jack first reported to the TULSA in May 1930,Commander Walter Decker was the Captain, but by the time I arrived, November 13, 1930,Paul Rice was in command.This was his second tour of duty in China.In 1912 he had commanded the USS SAMAR, a Yangtze River Patrol Boat.which navigated one thousand miles up the river to the city of Ichang.Navigating on the Yangtze, according to Captain Rice,is like navigating on the Mississippi River.When he was detached from the SAMAR,it was then commanded by Samuel Wilder King in 1915.Captain Rice had been on the Yangtze about three years, and his good friend Samuel Wilder King, later in 1950s appointed governor of the Territory of Hawaii by President Dwight Eisenhower, was his 1909 classmate - the first native Hawaiian appointed to the United States Naval Academy. When Paul Rice first met his wife Gertrude (Hammond), he decided that she was the girl he would marry. I knew her well in China, Panama, and Hawaii. She was not only pretty,but a charming hostess, an excellent conversationalist, a devoted wife,mother, and friend.Many of my most vivid memories in Tientsin, Chefoo, Shanghai, and Waikiki revolve around her. We had many exciting experiences together in Wai-hai-Wei, China, and Hawaii. She occurs again and again in the pages of this narrative.She and Paul and their daughter Nathalie did much to help me meet what Jack called the "vicissitudes" of the Navy and to enjoy Navy life despite its many challenges. About six o'clock we went back to our hotel for dinner, and I unpacked.At nine the next morning Jack left for the TULSA, which sailed to Shanghai for repairs and leave and liberty for the crew. When the ricksha coolies finally dropped us at our hotel room early in the evening for our dinners, they were well paid by Jack. Jack spent a lot of time warning me to drink only boiled water & to eat no fresh fruit or vegetables-I would get Chinese stomach ache or even cholera.Also he told me never to touch shellfish as the water was so polluted.Before I knew it,early morning arrived,& Jack was off to the TULSA & to Shanghai.MRS. FAISON JORDAN'S DINNER PARTY + TIENTSIN CLUB Things picked up a bit when Mrs. Jordon called on me early the following week & invited me to a formal dinner party at her home on Saturday night followed by dancing at Tientsin Country Club. Mrs. Faison Jordan's dinner party was my initiation into the social whirl of Tientsin. For the first time I wore my new black velvet evening dress, a white rabbit's -fur jacket purchased in Shanghai on the way up and wore the crystal beads Miss Farmer, one of my workers at Macy's, had given me as a "bon voyage" present.At dinner I sat on Mr. Jordan's left. At my left was Nora Waln, well-known author whose writing frequently appeared in the Atlantic Monthly magazine.Her husband, an Englishman, was head of the Chinese Post Office in Tientsin.Although everyone else sympathized with me about going half way round the world to be with my husband and then being left alone for eight days when the TULSA went to sea the next day,Nora Waln said nothning to me either at dinner or later, though the others were friendly.Mr. Jordan drove me to the Tientsin Country Club where I enjoyed dancing, music, and sandwiches.Suddenly before midnight Nora Waln went home.The rest of the party left the club when it closed about two o'clock,and although I asked to be taken to my hotel, they took me to a different party in a commercial hotel, and I was not delivered to my own hotel until daybreak.Ms. Waln's husband was the one who took me to the Court Hotel and invited me to dinner at their home on Wednesday evening. I told him I could not accept an invitation that did not come from his wife. He answered, "Child, you are in North China now, where the men are the masters, and my wife being an American, owes you some hospitality. I will call for you here at the Hotel at seven on Wednesday." Early Sunday afternoon my room boy brought me a chit from him reading:"Dear Mrs. Barrett, My wife is indisposed, so the invitation for Wednesday is cancelled." I never heard from them again. MR. and MRS "BUNNY" WARREN + MR. HENINGSON at COURT HOTEL I soon met Mr. and Mrs. "Bunny" Warren, guests at the Court Hotel whose small table for two was close to my table in the dining room. Mr. Warren was employed by the British Imperial Chemical Company.They remained at the hotel for several months until they found a furnished house that suited them.After they left the Court Hotel I frequently at tea with "Mollie" Warren at their home. At the hotel too I met Mr and Mrs. Heningson of Denmark, who were still living at the hotel when we left China.Mr. Heningson, although "not a stamp collector", he said cut every stamp off the envelopes he received and put them in a small green cardboard box.He gave me a boxful of stamps, mostly Chinese and Danish.We later allowed aunt Mollie Barrett to look through those and give some to my nephew Billy, and Willie Kennedy at Macy's also looked through the box and took a few when she visited Boston in 1932.Willy was still working at Macy's in 1932 and gave me a copy of a report I had been working on when I resigned in 1930,-definitions of terms used to describe successful and unsuccessful sales clerks.She told me that she was in Boston at the request of Percy Strauss of Macy's [whom I knew] to go over the report with Mr. Kirstein of Filene's to get his impression of it.I was very pleased to find that the report was credited to me because so much of the work had been completed before I left for China.-43- GRACE LIANG MOUNT HOLYOKE 1925 + FAMILY Mrs. Evans had told my former Mount Holyoke (class of l925) student Grace Liang, that I was in Tientsin.Her father had graduated from Hartford Public High School Connecticut about l880, & then a change of government policy required him to return to China, where he had a distinguished career first in north China railroads & customs offices & then in the Foreign Service.I believe he was the first Chinese to be invited to address the United States Congress- around the time of the Nine Power Conference in l922 when Japanese commercial ambitions conflicted with America's Open Door policy on China enunciated Secretary of State John Hay in the McKinley administration & with the principle of self-determination pronounced by Woodrow Wilson. Grace came to call on me very soon after I arrived & invited Jack & me for tea at their home when the TULSA returned.Soon we called on Mrs. Liang ,who served us tea-we left when the servants brought our coats & hats & bowed us out-but she had given us the honor of inviting us to dinner- at which her distinguished husband,her daughter Grace,& her two doctor sons would be present.These young men had been educated in England,& their services were greatly in demand.The family occupied a spacious compound.Years later when the Communists occupied Tientsin,the family lost all its possessions and Tou.....Liang though a valued physician,was liquidated.At that dinner party Grace & her mother appeared in exquisite Chinese dresses,but the men wore European clothes.Since Mr. Liang expressed an interest in ships, Jack invited the family to dinner aboard the TULSA.That evening the dock was crowded with Chinese people,who had gotten the word that Mr. Liang was expected. They respectfully kept their distance & silence as he left his car & boarded the ship.They remained on the dock throughout the dinner to get another glimpse of the respected diplomatic official.He told us about the low standard of living of most Chinese laborers & how little it took to support a family in those days deep in the worldwide economic depression.Later in l93l Grace left Tientsin to marry Dan Yapp of Shanghai, and then we saw no more of her. In l970 we located them in Waikiki on Kalakaua Avenue.We understand that she has been teaching in Connecticut at the Central Connecticut State College, New Britain, Connecticut. CHIEF OF POLICE ISEMONGER and his DAUGHTER TINA, HAI HO RIVER PILOTS and WIVES, NEW YEAR'S EVE COSTUME PARTY 1930-31 Since I arrived in Tientsin on the thirteenth of November, 1930, the holiday season was fast approaching. A new guest registered at the Hotel just before Christmas. He was Mr. Isemonger, who was an Englishman just employed in India in charge of the Sikhs, in the police of India. He had come to Tientsin with his twenty-year-old daughter Tina to take charge of the Chinese and Sikhs police in the British concession of Tientsin where we lived. Jack informed me that it was part of his job to foster international relations, so we were friendly. The Isemongers lived at the Court Hotel for a while and later had lunch there frequently.When Mr. Isemonger found a nice house in Tientsin, Jack and I were frequent guests for Saturday noon dinner and for dancing later at the Country Club. The Court Hotel was the home of several Hai Ho River pilots mostly of English extraction. Mrs. Johnson, English and the wife of a pilot, invited me to go to Schlessinger's Tea House with her about eleven o'clock oone morning late in December. She invited us to attend a costumed New Year's Eve Ball at the Tientsin Country Club, of which we were members, saying she hoped we would understand that we would have to pay our share of the cost. My husband and I had matching costumes made of inexpensive blue and white Chinese silk- and we enjoyed the pilots who remained friendly throughout our stay. Mr. Isemonger and several of the pilots and their wives are with us in the New Year's Eve 1930-1931 photo on web page 39 photo #945. --Mr. Isemonger had an excellent camera and found me photogenic. He would come by the Court Hotel in the morning to invite me to ride to the Country Club with me where he was tireless and gifted in photography. He always gave me copies of the pictures without charge. He spent many hours in the Chinese city hunting for an embroidered evening coat for me- he found a white one with large white flowers.The bottom was embroidered with exquisite silk tiny blue and black flowers - also the front of the evening coat had the same border, modeled on styles of the Empress Dowager's family. In the fall of 1952 I wore it to my son's Junior prom in West Roxbury when I was the hostess, because he was Class president that year. We emjoyed Mr. Isemonger's hospitality for many months. Jack used his new Voightlander camera frequently to take pictures of me in our hotel room, and I took one of him, in which a red table-like paper drum is visible. Evenings he spend a lot of time studying to get ready for a promotion exam at the end of 1931. JANUARY 1931 - SOPHIE'S MANCHURIAN SEA OTTER FUR COAT --Not long after New Year's 1931 I was sitting in the small reception room in the Court Hotel after tiffen when two men sat down, talking.I was wearing my cloth coat with only Persian lamb trim- not warm enough for the north China climate with its peircing cold winds. When I realized that they were Americans, I asked them what they were doing in Tientsin, and they said they were taking a train later that afternoon for Manchuria, where they would buy furs. When I said I had never been as cold as I was on the streets of Tientsin, they offered to buy some skins for me, as they expected to be back in Tientsin in a few weeks. When they returned they had for me enough sea otter skins for a gorgeous coat.The cost was small - the coat warm and beautiful and very inexpensive. It was made up by a Chinese tailor in Tientsin. Sea otter is lustrous and light gray -a short,durable fur with a lovely silver sheen-very warm & comfortable.This coat appears in many photos of Sophie in China 1931 and in Bala Cynwyd 1937, and lasted extremely well. Sophie continued to use it during her years in West Roxbury after world War II. Sophie often commented that North China winters are very cold, and most of the north Chinese are taller than the Cantonese workers who have come to Hawaii, San Francisco, and other parts of the United states. The following September I saw these same fur buyers, when they brought word of the Japanese capture of Mukden, which news I telephoned to Captain Paul Rice - the first report to United States Navy and government.Although the Court Hotel was reputed to have the best food in North China. food was definitely a problem because we dared not touch milk, butter, fresh vegetables or Chinese grown fruits. My husband grew tired of the steady diet of rice and snipe but managed to wash it down with liquids. I lived on toast with marmelade,rice, snipe, pot roast, cooked dessets and tea. Captain and Mrs. Rice occupied a furnished house and most graciously invited us to dinner fortnightly. When we wanted to return their hospitality and to entertain the new Executive Officer and his wife, Lieutenant Commander and Mrs. Leonard Doughty, we invited them to the Court Hotel for dinner.One evening Rachel Claude Doughty, who came from Washington D.C. regaled us with tales of her mother's friend who came to the Claude home in Washington and stayed for forty years. Jack took photographs of a traditional Chinese funeral, in which great honor is paid to ancestors. White is the color of mourning. FEBRUARY 1931 Jack took leave, and we visited Peking and the Great Wall of China and the Ming Tombs and Forbidden City where the Emperors had lived and "Center of the Universe." .-- PURCHASES As time passed that winter and spring I became well known to the Chinese and Japanese shopkeepers on Taku and Victoria Roads. I bought some rare dragon and turtle candlesticks of brass,some 48- red and green Chinese lacquer drums, which served as small tables and through Mrs. Mendelsohn I located a lovely black and gold lacquer Chinese chest with inlaid colored semi-precious stones arranged in patterns. I also shopped for linens at Takahashi Japanese linen store. SPRING-SUMMER 1931 ASIATIC FLEET GUNNERY + MANEUVERS CHEFOO - SHANGHAI In the spring of l93l the gunboat TULSA went to Chefoo and Shanghai for Asiatic Fleet maneuvers & shooting excercises. The rest of the year she was kept near Tientsin primarily for intelligence purposes. Gertrude Rice, wife of our captain, (with her daughter Nathalie), & Rachel Doughty,wife of our executive officer & I decided to go to Chefoo & Weihaiwei on the Shantung peninsula while the TULSA was cruising south.Jack agreed I could go on a British freighter provided I take twenty-four bottles of boiled water-sold by the case in a drug store.Since the TULSA left before we did,Mr. Isemonger bought the case of water for me & drove me to the freighter,where the coolie stored the box near my bunk. Before we left Tientsin, we had lunch on the ship, and Mr. Isemonger joined me. There was a choice of hot beef stew or prawns. I was tempted to have the prawns for a change of diet, but Mr. Isemonger emphatically told the waiter, "The lady will have stew." I was disappointed at the time,but that night on the ship several of the ladies had severe intestinal trouble after eating the prawns. There was considerable cholera in the Orient, and Americans did not have their immune systems adapted to many strains of bacteria that Asians have adapted to. I shared a cabin with a British missionary lady returning from leave in England=she was on her way to a very hot dry region in Southwestern China.She was in the cabin when the case of water was stowed & subsequently had nothing to do with me-avoided me like the plague.When we arrived in Chefoo,I offered my case of water to the missionary woman,as I hadn't used any of it,&it was too heavy to take ashore.She was startled but very glad to have the water, which she thought all along was gin,as she understood that all American Navy women were heavy drinkers of strong liquor.The reason she avoided me was she thought I was planning to drink a case of liquor in her cabin. CHAPLAIN MAGUIRE FINDS A BOARDING HOUSE FOR SOPHIE Since the whole Asiatic fleet was in Chefoo for exercises,Jack had trouble finding a place for me to live.Finally the chaplain, Father William Maguire found room & board for me in a small boarding house owned by Mr.Wineglass. The goats lived right outside my room- there was no running water=a makeshift toilet & no bath. Before I left Tientsin, Jack had tried to warn me before and mentioned a famous Navy song, which we remembered and sang in later years-,"They wear clothespins on their noses in North China- They wear clothespins on their noses -(Be)cause Chefoo don't smell like roses - a verse of "O the monkeys have no tails in Zamboanga." GUNNERY OFFICER JACK BARRETT AND MARINE COMMANDER PACA ACHIEVE TOP GUNNERY SCORES The gunnery was successful beyond anything the ship had previously scored. Jack & Captain Rice were delighted. Jack's experience in gunnery went back to 1909 at Revenue Cutter School and included work with big guns on battleship WYOMING 1932. At Peking he discussed techniques and innovations with his former classmate Bill Rupertus, who was studying the latest Marine techniques. COLONEL WILLIAM WINCHESTER PACA LETTER 1970 Our friend Colonel William W. Paca,US Marine Corps (native of Annapolis Maryland,where he was named for great-great-great-grandfather who signed Declaration of Independence) wrote June 23,l970-he was the senior Marine officer on the TULSA & worked closely with Jack in winning the Asiatic Fleet l93l gunnery competition--"Colonel William W. Paca 680 American Drive, Apartment 42 Annapolis Maryland 21403 June 23, 1970 Dear Mrs. Barrett, I was distressed to learn via your letter of Jack's decease this past August. Please know that you have my sincere sympathy in your bereavement.= "I remember Jack fondly as a fine officer and one of the best of shipmates.I remember him too with gratitude-which I hope I expressed directly to him at the time-for his guidance & advice-which as gunnery officer of the TULSA,he gave me relative to the training of our Marine gun crew & which resulted in our gunners winning an "E" at that year's gunnery practice. = The cause of this inexcusable delay in replying to your so interestinhg letter has been twofold = First, I hoped to find among my effects, upon my return from several months stay in the South. several memorabilia relating to the TULSA. I did have a really excellent photograph of the ship, and I thought I also had a photograph of the officers and crew. I intended to send both to you for possible incorporation in Jack's memoirs, but I have been unable to locate either. The second cause is the embarassment I feel due to my deplorable memory, which worsens year by year, and which I am reluctant to confess. I have forgotten so very many names, dates, and other incidents of my military service. =-I do have one especially clear memory of Jack- and that is that he was one of a rare group of people who have the faculty of being 'where the action is.' Frequently during wardroom conversations on the TULSA when past events were mentioned,it would develop that Jack had either been there or nearby or otherwise had been in a position to have special knowledge of the event.In past years I have several times remarked that I once served with a naval officer who had that rare facility or gift.As for myself, I was graduated from West Point in August, 1917. I was promoted to Captain while in France.After the war and the letdown of demobilization I resigned from the Army. Three years later, and because I badly missed service life I joined the Marine Corps. This was basically because I loved the water and ships, and I had wanted to be in the Navy in the first place but had been unable to obtain a principal appointment to the Naval Academy. = I commanded Camp Catlin, Oahu, from 1944 to 1946. I was then on duty at Headquarters, Marine Corps, and later was Commanding Officer of the Marine Barracks, Naval Base, Philadelphia. = My great, great, great grandfather was William Paca, a Maryland signer of the Declaration of Independence. The main part of the hotel, Carvel Hall, was built on the rear of William Paca's town house. The hotel part has now been torn down, and the mansion and gardens are being restored by the local historical society. = There have been, and are, a rather surprising number of TULSA officers living here. These in addition to myself include Captain Doughty (deceased), Admiral William T. Fitzgerald, jr., Rear Admiral Wayne R. Loud, Rear Admiral Charles E. Coney, and Colonel Gordon Hall (my predecessor on the TULSA) In addition General Pedro A. Del Valle lives here, and I see him fairly frequently. = Again please forgive my remissions.I do hope this finds things well with you. Sincerely, William W. Paca Colonel United State Marine Corps Retired." PARTY AT CHEFOO CLUB To celebrate the TULSA's good score Jack wanted to give a party at the Chefoo Club for all the ship's officers.I bought hand painted place cards, candles,Japaese lanterns as the party as to be outdoors on a lovely summer night.Every officer was invited even though there were only three wives attached to the ship at that time. There was much good conversation for twenty-six guests.After every other guest had gone, the wife of the executive officer, Rachel Doughty came up to me & said, "Sophie, you ought to know better than to seat me in candle light. It is not becoming to me." NEARLY STRANDED AT WEI-HAI-WEI As we approached Wei-Hai-Wei, I became excited because I had often enjoyed breakfast at Gertrude Rice's home in Tientsin,where we were served in bed.The coffee pot was red pottery with pewter,& the cream pitcher & sugar bowl were also red pottery with pewter-lovely pieces of china as well as being useful & unique & Gertrude told me that they had come from Wei-Hai-Wei.It was a beautiful town developed by Germans but given back to China after World War I. I wanted to buy a Wei-Hai-Wei coffee & tea service of this red pottery with silver trim.But to my disappointment the ship anchored out quite a distance. We could not even see Wei-Hai-Wei from the ship.But a smll boat was leaving our freighter & without even going to my cabin to get my purse I persuaded Gertrude Rice to get into the boat with me with me for the trip to Wei-Hai-Wei. I took it for granted that the Chinese man running the small motor boat was on an errand for my freighter & would certainly return to it.I don't know why,but we left twelve-year-old Nathalie Rice on the freighter when we made our hurried departure,& we waved to her as we left.Our boatman spoke no English,but I believed he understood us when he nodded assent to my questioning him as to whether we could have two hours in Wei-Hai-Wei before returning to our ship. It was getting to be late afternoon & I did not want to be in the Chinese city after dark.We started off happily & even found the shop which sold the Wei-Hai-Wei coffeee & tea sets. There I charged a set to be sent to the TULSA as I had no money with me in my haste to get into the departing small boat.When night threatened,we returned to our dock,but found no small motor boat.At first we were not alarmed,but when we heard the freighter's whistle sounding repeatedly & impatiently & when no small boat appeared as darkness approached, we bargained with a sampan to row us out to the freighter. Gertrude paid him from her purse & he tried hard to row us but made litle headway with the heavy seas.He managed to reach a Chinese junk sailing along in the wind, & we again bargained for a ride & paid the owner of the junk to take us aboard.The wind held, & the junk mnade good progress with the large square sails & we again met a difficult transfer from the junk to the freighter.The captain of the freighter was greatly annoyed by the delay & stated he would have stranded us if Nathalie had not tearfully appealed for him to wait for her mother & Mrs. Barrett. SHANGHAI SUMMER 1931 ASHLEY SISTERS AND TOPSY From Chefoo we went to Shanghai where we lived at the Palace Hotel but aside from having clothes made in Shanghai and a very enjoyable luncheon at the home of ships' chandler Ah Sing I could do very little socially as my hands were very sore. However, I did spend one happy evening at the home of Mickie and Maimie Ashley and their brother. Mickey was Jack's old friend from MARBLEHEAD days in 1927. She was born in China and worked as secretary to the local head of Standard Oil Company of New York. She and her sister had adopted a Chinese girl, Topsy, who lived with them until Maimie became a prisoner of the Japanese in 1941 after Pearl Harbor. Mickey had gone to the states, but Maimie was waiting in hopes that Topsy could obtain permission to come with her to the United States. Maimie did hear Topsy calling her by name in the Japanese prison camp, but she feared the Japanese would take reprisals against Topsy if she was seen with an American. Topsy disappeared and must not have survived.Mickie Ashley letters 1937 and 1970 appear atend of this chapter and tell of Japanese brutality. = Knowing I would return to the United States with Jack via Europe in early 1932, I ordered many new clothes made up for me in Shanghai. We attended a long play at a Chinese theater where we were given steaming hot towels to refresh ourselves during the long performance. RETURN TO COURT HOTEL TIENTSIN When we returned to the Court Hotel Mr. Isemonger was concerned about my physical condition. He recommended the same Dr. Grice, whom I had seen for indigestion when I first arrived in Tientsin. Dr. Grice called my hand condition "pomphylyx" caused by too much medication. he scraped much sore tissue away surgically and applied silver nitrate and asked me to wear white cotton gloves. My hands did improve toward autumn. SEPTEMBER 19, 1931 SOPHIE SENDS FIRST REPORT OF JAPANESE AGGRESSION AT MUKDEN, MANCHURIA In the winter of l930-31 I had met two American fur buyers in the lobby of the Court Hotel.They bought sea otter fur skins from which the Tientsin tailors made me my very warm & comfortable, long-lasting coat.In September l93l they returned to the hotel & I visited with them before they left for Mukden & other parts of Manchuria to buy furs for their New York concern.Only a few days later they reurned to the hotel,visibly shaken as they had barely escaped with their lives when the Japanese captured Mukden September l8-l9,& they got away on the last train allowed to leave the city- a bribe to Japanese officers was necessary for them to leave.The Japanese claimed that the railroad track to be used by their troops had been bombed by the Chinese,-& they used that as an excuse to occupy Mukden. I immediately telephoned Captain Rice, who was at Taku Bar with the TULSA forty miles east of Tientsin at the mouth of the Hai Ho River,because of unusually low water levels that year, which made navigation to Tientsin inadvisable.He immediately telegraphed the Admiral of the Asiatic Fleet at Shanghai-probably the first report the United States government received.The U.S. ambassador in Tokyo was on vacation. The Navy was told to keep "hands off" the situation.When we did nothing to stop them,the emboldened Japanese militarists established the state of Manchukuo with a puppet emperor Pu Yi.They proceeded to conquer much of North China & attacked Shanghai in l932..Their heady successes in China ultimately encouraged the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, l94l.Had we pushed them out of Manchuria in l93l, we might have avoided large scale conflict later.Secretary of State Stimson & many European leaders favored action, but President Herbert Hoover, a pacifist who built no ships and had lost political support in view of the deep economic Depression, missed the opportunity to nip World War II in the bud.NICHOLSON RUG FACTORY RUSSIAN CONCESSION TIENTSIN North of the Court Hotel and Hai Ho River in Russian concession in Tientsin was located the Nicholson rug factory, where Sophie watched high quality traditional Chinese rugs being hand woven. The pricipal sales outlet was at Peking, and Jack and Sophie purchased a nine by twelve gold living room rug, an eight-by-ten black-bordered dining room rug, and six smaller gold and blue rugs. They used these rugs at 422 Columbia Road Dorchester 1932-3, 712 Stradone road, Bala Cynwyd Pennsylvania 1936-8, 9615 Shore Road, Brooklyn 1939-1941 and 52 Emmonsdale road, West Roxbury 1947 to 1980s, although Bill Barrett's girl friend Anita Douredoure burned a hole in the gold rug with ciagarette ashes in 1933. PEKING NOVEMBER 1931 Sophie accompanied Jack to Peking in November when he went for physical exam for promotion to Lieutenant Commander. The good score of the TULSA in Asiatic Fleet gunnery and maneuvers and strong fitness report from Commander Paul Rice and intensive study for exam helped Jack achieve this promotion. VISITS WITH RICE FAMILY The Barretts had a cordial visit with the Rice family around the December 1931 holidays, and young Nathalie Rice became interested in Sophie's social work experience and became a social worker herself years later. Sophie narrates: "Just before [our] departure Captain and Mrs. Rice asked us if we would spend one night at their home to look after Nathalie while they spent the evening and night in Peking. So we spent the night with Nathalie, and the next morning at breakfast the number one 'boy' [they were adults - this was the term used] inquired of Jack, "Master wantchee eyogg?" Jack had no idea what he was asking about, so the 'boy' repeated this question several times. Finally young Nathalie explained that her father always had two EGGS for breakfast, and the 'boy' was merely inquiring whether Jack wanted eggs for breakfast. He pronounced 'egg' like 'IGG' the "i" being long as it is in "Ike". Jack wanted no part of Chinese eggs, which were always too old for anything but scrambled eggs. Jack liked to tell a [related] story about a man who ordered FRIED eggs in China. The servant said, 'Fly - no can do -- scramble - maybe can.'" John Barrett note The Departure of Sophie and Jack from Tientsin is treated in the next chapter "RETURN FROM THE ORIENT VIA EUROPE December 1931 - March 1932." The Rice family came to the Tientsin railroad station to say goodbye Christmas Day 1931 - then Jack and Sophie had Christmas dinner aboard the TULSA at Taku Bar at the outlet of the Hai Ho River more than thirty miles east. Then they traveled a short distance to Tangku, where they planned to board the Japanese passenger liner CHOWAN MARU to travel to Kobe, Japan. However, there was a terrifying incident when two Japanese sentries crossed their swords in front of Sophie, because there was a secret Japanese miliitary shipyard next door to the commercial ship. The next chapter tells of enjoyable visits to Pagsanjan Canyon, Philippines, botanical gardens in Malaya and Ceylon, the Sphinx and pyramids, and great cities in Europe. A major theme of RED HEADED STEPCHILD is the Japanese brutality and aggression of the 1930s, and letters from Mickey Ashley of Shanghai form the conclusion of this chapter. They also appear with MARBLEHEAD and Harold Fultz materials. DEPARTURE GOODBYE TO RICE FAMILY TIENTSIN- CHRISTMAS DINNER ON BOARD TULSA - ENCOUNTER WITH JAPANESE SENTRIES BOARDING SHIP the anchorage at the entrance of the Hai Ho River was called Tangku (note by Sophie M. Barrett"Jack & I sailed from Tangku to Japan on the Chowan Maru.Tangku is where the Japanese soldiers crossed their swords on my chest when I started to the wrong dock where a Japanese Army troop ship was next to the passenger ship dock."). MADGE 'MICKEY' ASHLEY letters 1937, 1970 - Ashley letter l937 war crimes Shanghai: On November l2, l937 our good friend in China Mickey Ashley wrote from 94 Canton Road in Shanghai China "During July I went to a party & an Indian juggler entertained us.The year so far had been a quiet one & I was wondering what I could put in my usual Christmas letter,so I asked the man to put his performing python around my neck- at least that would be something to write about.Now I've seen so much I don't know where to commence.The war has lasted over three months & we are still in a tight spot.We hate to see the Japanese win, but selfishly hope they will drive the Chinese a few miles out of Shanghai so that our lives & property will be safe.It is a strain to hear guns going day & night,planes droning,explosions, not to be able to sleep.The company (Standard Oil) never mentioned evacuation or took any steps in that direction regarding stenographers in spite of all the U. S. authorities were urging, so I did not evacuate & my sister would not leave without me. However,all the wives & children were sent away at the Company's expense. After the first terrible air raid when everything in Shanghai was at a standstill,with no transportation facilities, they told me to stay home for a couple of days,but we've been working regular hours ever since.Being short staffed-five girls away,three on leave,& two evacuated because they couldn't stand it any longer- we were often very rushed,especially when four fell ill.However,my sister & I took the precaution of having our pasasports ready & the necessary papers made out to enable us to have our little Chinese girl accompany us to the United States if conditions became decidedly worse.I told the office I wasn't staying if the Japs used poison gas in Shanghai. What a lot of red tape- there were so many signatures & guarantees when the Consulate knew an emergency existed & we couldn't possibly leave the (adopted) child here (their adopted daughter, the Chinese child named Topsy- Sophie Barrett note).The greatest danger was the air raids while going to or returning from the office.The horror of the first one will always live in my memory, especially as I saw the planes & heard the antiaircraft guns just as I was approaching the devastated area of "Bloody Saturday" bombing.The huge crater was roped off,but skeletons of charred cars still remained.To watch the white smaoke in the air, to hear the pounding of guns & to know that any moment your own self & car may be a similar tangled mess wasn't pleasant.My stomach felt as if a giant had squeeezed it tight in his huge hand, & only a vacuum remained.Then to know that we were driving into the danger - the Jap men-of-war were firing from the river- & upon arrival at the office to feel the building shake & hear the bang, bang, bang as if a thousand bricks were being flung against the windows- was really terrifying.That same day & during that raid shrapnel fell at Maimie's feet when she left our car.Every day one sees hordes of refugeees with their small bundles without any idea where to go in this crowded place, little lost children- poor bewildered dogs following - cats & other animals are left to wait for death- horribly wounded people, nasty-smalling coffins conveying away soldiers or victims of shrapnel- sick & weary lying on roadsides & families parked for weeks on sidewalks with only straw mats.No wonder disease is rampant.We have all had inoculations against typhoid & cholera & been vaccinated against smallpox.Already two dear friends have paid the price of staying here-they died of dysentery.One was head of the Blind school where my little "Pine Tree" was taken in. The school has been badly damaged & how frightened the blind *& deaf boys must have been.Another friend is dangerously ill with typhoid.The doctors ran short of medical supplies.The pity & tragedy of it all just because a group of men must have more power.If it were possible, I would condemn such to intense suffering the rest of their lives.So many homes had to be abandoned- palaces & cottages alike.The very best of everything was looted- but that wasn't enough.Furniture was hacked to pieces - the Japs say eventually they must buy Japanese goods. food not eaten was strewn about, & malicious damage done whever possible.In a garden section of the eastern division where we once lived, the Japs have put furniture on the sidewalks while their horses are placed in dining & drawing rooms.Mills have been dismantled & their machinery shipped to Japan for scrap iron.An old friend now seventy-three "Auntie" we call her-has lost practically everything, her beautiful collection of linen, furs, silver, stamps, books- the treasures of fifty-two years.She was so overcome over the condition of her home - her own property-that when we visited her that same evening, her face was grey with misery,& she wept- something I've never seen the little person do.Her husband was an artist & art collector- all his ivories & scrolls, stamps - his son's paintings his own embroideries were all gone.Oil paintings not taken were pierced by bayonets - doors & trunks hacked open.The Chinese had been driven out of the district long ago & the Japanese were in complete control as nobody is allowed to carry a bundle without numerous examinations by Japanese sentries-all of her things must have been carried off with the cognizance of the Japanese military.While the fighting continued in the north, & east, we were more or less safe once at home. What beautiful weather & delightful moonlit nights there were -it was difficult to believe that only a few miles away, men were being slaughtered.We preferred rain, because in fine weather planes would drone, then guns roar,-tracer bullets in gay colors would light up the sky,& anti-aircraft guns would spoil the beauty of the night.As the Japs drove the Chinese from the east & north,we in the west then came in danger,but not before those two districts were swept by fire as far as the eye could see.From a tenth story apartment we watched the destruction- our eyes glued to the holocaust-& our hearts sank with pity for those who had escaped the shells but now must run from the fire.. We thanked god fervently those two nights that there was no wind & that a creek separated us from that part of Shanghai.Every day we heard the guns & explosions a little nearer.Fortunately, from the beginning we had dismantled our pretty little home.Cases stood in the hall & only bare necessities were being used. On October 28 the nearness of guns made it imperative to move. 539 On the thirtieth while at dinner shells whizzed past the house- then I decided the hour had come.No trucks could be had at that late hour, so they were ordered for 8:30 AM. We packed until twelve & tried to sleep.I was the last to leave on my bicycle leading the dog.(Now) our one room apartment the size of Maimie's bedroom is jammed, crammed with things, but my sister is clever & has made it liveable.Some of our furnture is with friends, the balance in a garage.Where the sixty-eight thousand poorer Chinese refugees stay I don't know, though numerous refugee camps have been erected.We don't know what emergency awaits us.One morning a huge shell fell in the warehouse adjoining our office- at the same time big department stores were bombed.U.S. Naval experts say that had it exploded, it would have damaged all buildings within a radius of one acre. Our office & we would have gone up in smoke as the yard was full of drums of gasoline.We miss our home, those airy rooms, & the garden.. To be cramped into a small apartment & not even know which trunk contains one's clothes isn't important- but annoying.It's funny how one can tolerate the roar of cannons & explosions & get fussed over petty things. At the office where men's nerves are raw, it is not easy to work. I've seen as many as eleven planes over our place.We are making quilts for refugees., also helping Topsy make strips for gas masks. I hope you will receive this. So many of our cards & letters have gone astray.-Mickey Ashley."In l939 or l940 Mickey Ashley left Shanghai to work for Standard Oil's New York office because the value of "Mex" (Chinese currency ) had fallen so low she could not afford to accept her Shanghai "Mex" salary.We saw her in New York. Now she is retired & lives in Ridgewood New Jersey after years of lecturing about China. Ashley letter SHANGHAI "June 30,l970 from Miss Madge Ashley ("Mickey") 7l5 Hilldrest Road, Ridgewood New Jersey 07450 Dear Sophie (P.S. For twenty years I lectured before women's clubs & garden clubs on China).It is a long time since I heard from you.The last was a card from Honolulu. I hope Jack did not suffer long. I lost my dear Maimie the same year & feel very lost without her.She had a long illness- it was heart. In September l969, I suppose it was too much for me.I had an acute coronary thrombosis & was in hospital a month, two weeks in a nursing home,& had home care for three weeks.I had to learn to walk again & now am going very slowly.I have been at Cape May for a vacation.It is lovely here- so very clean-& the food is excellent. We face the ocean. About twenty years ago my sister & I bought this little house in Ridgewood,& we have been very happy in it.The number is 7l5 Hillcrest Road (not 3l5) Ridgewood, New Jersey 07450. Ridgewood is a purely residential district,& it is kept very nicely.The people were marvelous to me when Maimie died & during my illness.All the years that I worked in New York & when I retired we have kept in touch with Harold Fultz.He suffers badly from emphysema.You asked about my brother. He married a Shanghai American school teacher from Kentucky.They came to the United States over thirty years ago.They have two daughters,who are both married.One has three boys -eight.six & four (years)-& Bob her husband was a Captain in the Marines.He went to Vietnam after three years in Okinawa.He left the Marines & is now with Kodak. The other daughter lives in Dallas & is now a government accountant. They have two girls (six & four years).Brother & Dorothy l;ive in Louisville, Kentucky.I am sorry to say Maimie- who remained in Shanghai while I came to New York to get a job- never saw (her adopted Chinese daughter) "Topsy" again after she was put in the Japanese (concentration) camp where they nearly starved to death until rescued by American fliers.I am "Mickie" & Madge is my real name.You want to know how we met Harold & Jack.The MARBLEHEAD was anchored at the Standard Oil wharf Pootung.The foreigners at the installation were under my boss- therefore I met them all when they came to the office.The families would invite me for weekends, etc.,& include some Navy officers,& then they would escort me home the next day & stay for "tiffen" - lunch & dinner..Several came that way.How my father went to China is that he wanted to see the world- so went on a sailing ship as many pioneers did- & liked the Far East so much he stayed first in Hong Kong- where he met my mother & then in Shanghai.He & a fellow American started the first volunteer fire brigade in China. All the equipment- even the huge fire bells- came from New York.There were so many civil wars that we got used to storing rice & canned goods, filling both tubs with water, & hiding the family silver.Some of our friends were killed, but Maimie only suffered when the Japanese were so rotten to all foreigners.I don't know Grace Liang. The two Russian sisters (Gala & Vera Tsirentchikoff) I hardly knew. I met Gala once at a party,& that's all.I sent your letter to my brother.He represented Lloyd's of London & two steamship companies, so he knew Ah Sing well.We knew Cockeye & "Jelly Belly" (because he had a fat tummy) the tailors.Most American gunboats went to Tsingtao - a summer resort first made beautiful by the Germans- a bit of Europe in China & after World War I taken by the Japanese. One night in Shanghai (spring l927) the MARBLEHEAD GAVE A CONCERT & later a dance.During the show we were asked not to applaud as "There had been a death in one of the Standard Oil families." Then Harold (Fultz) told me confidentially that little Billy Robertson (his father was manager of the installation) had died of cholera.He took ill at noon & was dead in a few hours.Had any of us known I doubt that we would have gone to the dinner & dance, as cholera is a terrible thing, especially as there were so many salads & cold food on the table. ....On November 4, l970 our friend Mickey Ashley of China days whose l937 letter appears in this chapter wrote: My sister Maimie was in the Japanese concentration camp- starved & sick with malaria, but she was never beaten. Some Americans were.Topsy came to the camp & called,'Miss Ashley, Miss Ashley' outside, but Maimie's friends advised her not to answer because the Japs would ill-treat all Chinese who favored Americans. Maimie never saw her again. We presumed she was dead. We lost ever so many valuables, & our Chinese money went to nothing overnight. Our lovely home went for seven thousand dollars U.S currency, & we were lucky to get it. -Mickey (Ashley)" .Letters of Marvin Stone, Captain Jenkins and Gordon Hall to be added here and listing of Sophie Barrett's Chinese purchases. PHOTO p. 4 #27 Shown in all its grandeur, probably for Fleet exercises at Chefoo Spring l931- TULSA commanded by Paul Rice with Jack Barrett as gunnery officer and William W. Paca in charge of U.S. Marines won 1931 annual gunnery competition Asiatic Fleet. TULSA was northernmost ship of Asiatic Fleet kept near Tientsin and Taku Bar- Hai Ho River for intelligence purposes. Sophie Barrett and Paul Rice sent first report to Navy and State Department of September l9, l931 Japanese aggression and capture of Mukden, Manchuria - beginning of fourteen year war in Asia. CAPTION p 5-#38 Sophie traveled on commercial freighter along with Gertrude and Nathalie Rice and Rachel Doughtie when gunboat TULSA joined Asiatic Fleet annual maneuvers and gunnery competition late spring -early summer 1931 Sophie used to sing the Navy song "The Wear Clothespins on their noses in North China They wear clothespins on their noses in north China- They wear clothespins on their noses For Chefoo doesn't smell like roses - They wear clothespoins on their noses in North China." There were goats immediately outside her window at the Wineglass boarding house in Chefoo, as accomodations were scarce while the Asiatic Fleet was gathered for spring l931 gunnery and maneuvers, in which Jack's gunboat TULSA won the fleet competition - he was gunnery officer aided by Marine Lt. William Paca. Paul Rice was commander of the TULSA. Sophie was grateful to Chaplain William Maguire, who later played a heroic role at Pearl Harbor December 7, l941, though he remained a non-combatant, and the legend he fired a gun at Japanese airplanes is fictitious. He visited the Barretts in Waikiki and described the work of Jack's Overseas Transportation Office in his l943 book, "The Captain Wears a Cross." As a new navy wife Sophie studied Emily Post's "Etiquette" text carefully. She gave a party to celebrate the TULSA's victory in gunnery. The wife of the Executive officer complained about being seated too near the candles -she said "Candlelight does not become me." Rachel Claude Doughtie used to tell a tale of a visitor who came to see her mother's Maryland family for the weekend and stayed for forty years.Sophie Barrett and Gertrude Rice took a small Chinese rowboat to shore in Weihaiwei to buy fine teasets ornamented with pewter.They nearly were stranded, with difficulty returning to their southbound British freighter. |
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Sam Ketchum is working at the Crazy Mike's Video on Lincoln Street Port Angeles corner Sixth Street. He expects to attend TESC The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington in 2001. He is working on wall illustrations of the planets at Port Angeles High School. He is friendly with Sean Root, now in computer technical school in Phoenix Arizona. I frequently discuss botany, natural history, and astronomy with both of them. Some interesting videos I have watched at the home of my landlady Eva Costa include the Wes Studi series on Native Americans of Northwest, South West, and Great Plains, the ballet Giselle of Adolphe Adam - Russian performance 1961 - the Great Waltz [Johann Strauss} Till the Clouds Roll By {life and music of Jerome Kern with Judy Garland, Frank Sinatra) Around the World in Eighty Days with Mexican acrobat-comedian Cantinflas - cartoon animation of George Orwell 'Animal Farm' - Evita Peron with Madonna - Road to Singapore Bob Hope Dorothy Lamour Bing Crosby - Paleface Jane Russell-Bob Hope - Student Prince Sigmund Romberg-Mario Lanza - Sound of Music Rodgers-Hammerstein about Trapp family - Jacques Cousteau on Haiti CALYPSO visit - Alaska and new Zealand travel videos |
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Tyler Weston served as a missionary in Port Angeles 1997-1998 and subsequently in Gray Harbor county area. His parents sent this photo with announcement of his marriage May 11, 2001 at Logan, Utah temple. He has been a student and involved in Latter Day Saint motion picture production.+++ ++++ ++++ SIMOPOULOS Essentiality of and Recommended Dietary Intakes for Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Artemis P. Simopoulos, MD1, Alexander Leaf, MD2, Norman Salem, Jr, PhD3 1The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, D.C., 2Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 3National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA The Workshop on the Essentiality of and Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs) for Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids was held at The Cloisters, National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, April 7-9, 1999. The workshop was sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism-NIH, the Office of Dietary Supplements-NIH, The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, and the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids; and cosponsored by several industry groups . The workshop participants consisted of investigators of the role of essential fatty acids in infant nutrition, cardiovascular disease, and mental health. The first two areas were selected because they are the ones where extensive studies involving animal models, clinical intervention trials, and biochemical and physiologic mechanisms and their function have been carried out relative to omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. The role of essential fatty acids in mental health is a new, but promising research area. The workshop was truly international in nature bringing together scientists from academia, government, international organizations, and industry, from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States. The first two days of the workshop consisted of presentations and extensive discussions. The format of the workshop was Round Table permitting extensive discussion following individual presentations and at the completion of each session. The first day consisted of Session I. Principles to be Considered in Determining Essentiality and DRIs and Session II. Essential Fatty Acids and Central Nervous System Function. Day two began with Session III. Cardiovascular Disease and ended with Session IV: Relationship of Essential Fatty Acids to Saturated, Monounsaturated, and Trans Fatty Acids. On the morning of the third day, during Session V. Dietary Recommendations and Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio (LA, LNA, AA, EPA, DHA), industry representatives reported on studies supported by their companies, on clinical interventions, and product development. Representatives from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) presented their agencies’ scientific studies or policies on the dietary intake of fatty acids, especially essential fatty acids, and their activities in the field. One recommendation deserves explanation here. After much discussion consensus was reached on the importance of reducing the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) even as the omega-3 PUFAs are increased in the diet of adults and newborns for optimal brain and cardiovascular health and function. This is necessary to reduce adverse effects of excesses of arachidonic acid and its eicosanoid products. Such excesses can occur when too much LA and AA are present in the diet and an adequate supply of dietary omega-3 fatty acids is not available. The adverse effects of too much arachidonic acid and its eicosanoids can be avoided by two interdependent dietary changes. First, the amount of plant oils rich in LA, the parent compound of the omega-6 class, which is converted to AA, needs to be reduced. Second, simultaneously the omega-3 PUFAs need to be increased in the diet. LA can be converted to arachidonic acid and the enzyme, D-6 desaturase, necessary to desaturate it, is the same one necessary to desaturate LNA, the parent compound of the omega-3 class; each competes with the other for this desaturase. The presence of LNA in the diet can inhibit the conversion of the large amounts of LA in the diets of Western industrialized countries which contain too much dietary plant oils rich in omega-6 PUFAs (e.g. corn, safflower, and soybean oils). The increase of LNA, together with EPA and DHA, and reduction of vegetable oils with high LA content, are necessary to achieve a healthier diet in these countries. The afternoon of the third day was devoted to discussion of the omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids and their relationship to other fatty acids. The discussion focussed on specific recommendations for healthy adults, pregnant and lactating women, and the composition of infant formula that will support the growth and development of the formula-fed infant no differently than the breast-fed infant. I. Adults The working group recognized that there are not enough data to determine Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), but there are good data to make recommendations for Adequate Intakes (AI) for Adults as shown in Table 1. II. Pregnancy and Lactation For pregnancy and lactation, the recommendations are the same as those for adults with the additional recommendation seen in footnote 1 (Table 1), that during pregnancy and lactation women must ensure a DHA intake of 300 mg/d. III. Composition of Infant Formula/Diet It was thought of utmost importance to focus on the composition of the infant formula considering the large number of premature infants around the world, the low number of women who breastfeed, and the need for proper nutrition of the sick infant. The composition of the infant formula/diet was based on studies that demonstrated support for both the growth and neural development of infants in a manner similar to that of the breastfed infant (Table 2). Table 1. Adequate Intakes (AI)* for Adults Fatty Acid Grams/day (2000 kcal diet) % Energy LA 4.44 2.0 (Upper limit)1 6.67 3.0 LNA 2.22 1.0 DHA + EPA 0.65 0.3 DHA to be at least2 0.22 0.1 EPA to be at least 0.22 0.1 TRANS-FA (Upper limit)3 2.00 1.0 SAT (Upper limit)4 -- < 8.0 MONOs5 -- -- 1. Although the recommendation is for AI, the Working Group felt that there is enough scientific evidence to also state an upper limit (UL) for LA of 6.67 g/d based on a 2000 kcal diet or of 3.0% of energy. 2. For pregnant and lactating women, ensure 300 mg/d of DHA. 3. Except for dairy products, other foods under natural conditions do not contain trans-FA. Therefore, the Working Group does not recommend trans-FA to be in the food supply as a result of hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids or high temperature cooking (reused frying oils). 4. Saturated fats should not comprise more than 8% of energy. 5. The Working Group recommended that the majority of fatty acids are obtained from monounsaturates. The total amount of fat in the diet is determined by the culture and dietary habits of people around the world (total fat ranges from 15-40% of energy) but with special attention to the importance of weight control and reduction of obesity. *AI = Adequate Intake. If sufficient scientific evidence is not available to calculate an Estimated Average Requirement, a reference intake called an Adequate Intake is used instead of a Recommended Dietary Allowance. The AI is a value based on experimentally derived intake levels or approximations of observed mean nutrient intakes by a group (or groups) of healthy people. The AI for children and adults is expected to meet or exceed the amount needed to maintain a defined nutritional state or criterion of adequacy in essentially all members of a specific healthy population; LA = linoleic acid; LNA = alpha-linolenic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; TRANS-FA = trans fatty acids; SAT = saturated fatty acids; MONOs = monounsaturated fatty acids. Table 2. Adequate Intake (AI)* for Infant Formula/Diet Fatty Acid Percent of Fatty Acids LA1 10.00 LNA 1.50 AA2 0.50 DHA 0.35 EPA3 (Upper limit) < 0.10 1. The Working Group recognizes that in countries like Japan, the breast milk content of LA is 6-10% of fatty acids and the DHA is higher, about 0.6%. The formula/diet composition described here is patterned on infant formula studies in Western countries. 2. The Working Group endorsed the addition of the principal long chain polyunsaturates, AA and DHA, to all infant formulas. 3. EPA is a natural constituent of breast milk, but in amounts more than 0.1% in infant formula may antagonize AA and interfere with infant growth. *AI = Adequate Intake. If sufficient scientific evidence is not available to calculate an Estimated Average Requirement, a reference intake called an Adequate Intake is used instead of a Recommended Dietary Allowance. The AI is a value based on experimentally derived intake levels or approximations of observed mean nutrient intakes by a group (or groups) of healthy people. The AI for children and adults is expected to meet or exceed the amount needed to maintain a defined nutritional state or criterion of adequacy in essentially all members of a specific healthy population; LA = linoleic acid; LNA = alpha-linolenic acid; AA = arachidonic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; TRANS-FA = trans fatty acids; SAT = saturated fatty acids; MONOs = monounsaturated fatty acids. The following workshop participants have agreed to this summary statement. The copyright of this statement is held by the working group in order to publish it worldwide*. The views expressed in this statement do not reflect any official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Eileen Birch, Ph.D. (Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA), Jacques Boudreau (Ocean Nutrition Canada, Ltd., Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada), Raffaele De Caterina, M.D., Ph.D. (CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy), William Clay, Ph.D. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy), S. Boyd Eaton, M.D. (Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA), Claudio Galli, M.D. (University of Milan, Milan, Italy), Tomohito Hamazaki, M.D., Ph.D. (Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan), William S. Harris, Ph.D. (St. Luke’s Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas, USA), Joseph R. Hibbeln, M.D. (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), Peter R.C. Howe, Ph.D. (University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia), David J. Kyle, Ph.D. (Martek Biosciences Corporation, Columbia, Maryland, USA), William E. Lands, Ph.D. (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), Dominique Lanzmann-Petithory, M.D. (Groupe Danone, Athis Mons, France), Alexander Leaf, M.D. (Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA), Roberto Marchioli, M.D. (Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy), Reto Muggli, Ph.D. (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland), Gary J. Nelson, Ph.D. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, San Francisco, California, USA), Sandra Ohnesorg (BASF Health & Nutrition, Ballerup, Denmark), Harumi Okuyama, M.D. (Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan), Manuel Peña, M.D. (Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., USA), Serge Renaud, M.D. (INSERM, Bordeaux, France), Bjorn Rene, Ph.D. (Pronova Biocare, A.S., Sandefjord, Norway), Norman Salem, Jr., Ph.D. (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA), Artemis P. Simopoulos, M.D. (The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, D.C., USA), Andrew Sinclair, Ph.D. (RMIT, Melbourne, Australia), Arthur A. Spector, M.D. (The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA), Paul A. Stitt, Ph.D. (Essential Nutrient Research Company, Manitowoc, Wisconsin, USA), Andrew L. Stoll, M.D. (McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA), Peter Willatts, Ph.D. (University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom), and Herbert Woolf, Ph.D. (BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, New Jersey, USA). * As of January 2000, the summary statement of the workshop has been published in a number of newsletters and journals in English and other languages around the world, including the ISSFAL Newsletter (and the ISSFAL website), the Felix Letter, Nutrition Today, the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, the Asian Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Food Australia, the proceedings of the Seoul Workshop on “The Current Status of w3 Fatty Acid Nutrition” (Korea), the British Nutrition Foundation’s Nutrition Bulletin, Nutricion Clinica y Dietetica Hospitalaria, and other scientific journals in China, Japan and Africa. Because the copyright is held by the working group of scientists, its publication in as many journals as possible has been encouraged. |
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There was a grand piano in the Winthrop House Junior Common Room in H Entry east of the dining hall across from Lowell House - probably a Steinway. I spent a great deal of time using the piano -I had a Schirmer "59 Piano Solos" including Chopin A Major Military Polonaise, Johann Strauss Blue Danube Waltz, Schubert Moment Musical in f and Miliary March, Wagner Tannhauser Act 3 march, Verdi Aida Triumphal March, Brahms Waltz in A flat, opus 28, Mozart Turkish Rondo, Thomas Under the Leaves, Beethoven Minuet in G. Long relaxed mealtimes gave almost unlimited opportunity to get to know students from classes 1955 through 1959, and then in my law school years, I got to know many later arrivals college classes 1960-62. My friend Paul Beatty was the son of a wholesale pharmacist in Waltham, and he decided to take Joseph Palamountain's spring 1955 Government 155b, which included the drug industry and others. Paul roomed with future U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy, who had returned to Winthrop House after two years in the Army. I spent considerable time in their room on the third floor on Winthrop C entry, where roommates included George Anderson, who played baseball, William "Bing" Crosby, and Roger Martin with a set of drums. In 1950 Paul and I were members of a school debating team which defeated a Milton Academy team of which Ted was a member - after years in Hawaii I did not know much about the Kennedys at that time, but my mother was interested to see Ted on the Milton team, and at the end of the spring term 1955, she was delighted one time when Ted dropped off my laundry at our West Roxbury home, because I was on my way up to New Hampshire. She never forgot his friendliness and courtesy. I do remember playing touch football with Ted and Paul and others along the strip of grass between Winthrop House and the Charles River, and swimming with them in the pool at the old Indoor Athletic Building on Holyoke Street and numerous conversations in the Winthrop House Dining Hall. I also audited the public speaking courses English N and Q, which both Paul and Ted took 1954-5 with Mr. Verlaine upstairs behind the great organ in the Busch-Reisinger German museum, where E Power Biggs used to record his radio organ concerts. I remember Ted tried a special dramatic style for one talk about an amphibious landing on a Pacific island, rather like some of his brother Jack's 1943 experience. He had a project of translating the sentence "Everybody loves Saturday night" into ten or twelve languages. At that time I was not proficient in German, but I remember I was puzzled because my mother would say "Wie geht es?" as one syllable and Ted would make it two. Recently I have been reading a 1916 Paul Bacon text, which indicates, the letter E is often silent in German word endings, so my mother was probably using the correct informal pronunciation, while Ted was using the more formal literary or stage version - so both were justified. I was invited to join a tutorial group conducted by Winthrop-House-affiliated Government tutor Fred Holborn, son of a historian and long-time John Kennedy staff member. Ted and Paul were both in this excellent tutorial on "Government Regulation of Industry", and after they graduated Fred conducted a similar tutorial on Constitutional Law, which Louis Newell, Phil Haughey, Fritz Schwartz, Charley Stedman, and I and some others attended autumn 1956 my senior year. Spring 1955 in the Winthrop Junior Common Room, I began playing chess first I think with senior Bill Foote class of 1955 and then with the very talented Richard Karp, a Boston Latin grad who has gone on to a remarkable career in computer science at Berkeley CA and University of Washington. He has been honored by the government of Israel and has developed special computer applications in medicine and biology. At first he was much better than I was, but by the end of spring term, I could make a game at least competitive. His motto is chess was "Play for complications". We often used the Sicilian Defense, where Black answers P-QB4 when White opens P-K4. Winthrop House had an annual musical production - in 1955 Richard Smithies directed an excellent performance of Gilbert and Sullivan "GONDOLIERS" which I had not previously seen. Richard Cowperthwaite '56 played the Grand Inquisitor. Junior year 1955-6 Bob Barnett, Peter Nathan, Jan Basch and I were involved in some of the business and promotional aspects of the production. Jan Basch, who was friendly with my old neighbors Mike Berger, Jim Harrison, and Bob Dubinsky, showed a remarkable ability to sell advertising in the programmes for the musical by telephone. Sophomore year 1955 I attended an excellent performance of Euripides ALCESTIS by the Adams House Dramatic Society - Laurence Johnson '57 was Apollo, and Colin Chase '56 was Heracles. Dubinsky, Harrison and Berger were on the fourth floor of Lowell D Entry, where I often visited after Lamont Library closed at ten pm. They had a fine record collection, and mobiles, and simple bookcases of loose bricks. They were active in the Harvard Dramatic Club on the organizational side, while Steve Aaron directed memorable performances of Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" junior year [Dean Gitter, Colgate Salsbury, Colin Chase in the cast] and Hamlet senior year with Colgate Salsburg in title role. John Poppe and John Ratte were active in the HDC also. For two years I roomed in Winthrop B entry third floor with George Cronin from Waterbury Connecticut. He had a fine classical record collection, from which I particularly remember the 1762 Horn Concerto in D of Franz Joseph Haydn - sometimes called "Concerto for Hunting Horn". Although simple in some ways, it remains a favorite of mine - I have been trying to obtain a copy of the score. I have read it was written for the same performer as the four later Mozart horn concertos, but somehow it creates a very different,ethereal suggestive mood, - is this my imagination, or can some musically sophisticated reader figure out why this is so? I have listened to a great deal of Haydn's music including the better known E flat Trumpet concerto, but this simple Horm concerto has a special appeal. Recollecting various reasons why I did not perserve in labs and per-med study, I recollected George Cromin at times returning with dismal storiies of misadventures in organic chemistry lab. Like myself, he had trouble deciding on a major and wound up in History and Science, under I. Bernard Cohen. George was active in the Harvard Sailing Club, along with Sed Weske, and he joined the Harvard Lampoon, the humor magazine, along with Bob McIlwaine, John Talbot, and the sacred Ibis. George's personality has changed over the years, but he used to tell a Lampoon joke "I'm going to hell - all my friends will be there". George's younger sister Pat attended Radcliffe college. Bill Cleary, Mario Celi, Artie Noyes, and Ralph Beckett, distinguished hockey stars of 1956 class lived one floor down in B entry, and I later got to know them all well. I continued to follow basketball, and near the end of spring term I stayed in Cambridge after exams and got better acquainted with 1955 Captain Roger Bulger now a doctor and his roommates Dick Manning, Rollin Perry and John Desmond - John did not play basketball but came from Milton and has become a labor lawyer - his brother Rick Desmond was Winthrop House 1959. I found the outdoor Commencement Week extremely impressive, especially West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who spoke and received an honorary degree. I think it was in Crane Brinton's course that I used to see Peter Hobbs, who was taking G. Wallace Woodworth's Music 1, which I began auditing and took junior year 1955-6. Woodworth had a particular interest in vocal music, including William Byrd and madrigals of the English Renaissance and the songs of Franz Schubert, inlduing der Erlkonig and die Forelle. I was especially fond of "Standchen", but I have forgotten whether that was from Woodworth's course. I found an RCA recording by Marian Andersen of Standchen and "Ave Maria". I attended a performance of the Beethoven violin concerto by Hungarian violinist Joseph Szgeti, who helped bring Bela Bartok to the United States in 1940 at the beginning of World War II. JUNIOR YEAR I probably should have taken lab courses in the pre-med sequence, but I decided to take Natural Sciences 2, with Physics Professors Edwin C. Kemble and Gerald Holton, and a good section man named Carleton. In some ways it was a little too easy for me at that stage, but it fulfilled the General Education Requirements - Kemble was a highly motivated older teacher very anxious to explain relativity and advanced concepts, and Gerald Holton is still active at Harvard, and I have been very much interested in 1990s in his studies funded by U.S. Navy on women's careers in physics, especially at the post-graduate level. He found that before 1978 only one out of forty U.S. physics post-docs were female, but after 1978 the ratio improved to one in seven. This means there are still many women who could be physicists who either are unable to pursue careers or do not wish to. Junior year I also took Market structure Economics 161 with visiting Professor Bishop of MIT and Money and Banking with fall term 1955 Federal Reserve Banker J.H. Williams and spring term leading Keyneian theorist Alvin Hansen, who was concerned about the danger of chronic unemployment from "secular stagnation". The work of Hungarian-Harvard economist Joseph Schumpeter was influential - he figured that the entrepreneur and innovation are crucial to prosperity - that monetary tinkering will not yield growth without business leadership and new technology. My tutor junior year was Mr. Henderson of Winthrop House, and senior yearKen Galbraith. The summer of 1956 I took Economic Theory Economics 106a and the lecture half of Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry with professors Vanelli and Yates. I remember that Jack Evjy was in Chem 20 that summer and then has had a distinguished career in cancer medicine and was briefly editor of New England Journal of Medicine. We used Fieser and Fieser's textbook, and I remember alkanes, alkenes, alynes, stereoisomers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons. However, I also remember Louis Fieser senior year giving a public lecture denying that smoking causes cancer. People make mistakes, but one wonders whether financial conflicts of interest contribute to such behavior. Harvard chemist James Bryan Conant enthusiastically advocated used of atomic bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but on the other hand George Kistiakowsky as science advisor warned President Eisenhower of the dangerous influence of the military-industrial complex, and he and his wife Vera became leaders in arms control. My good friend Louis Newell took me one time to hear McGeorge Bundy in Govermment 185, but Bundy proved to be one of the few Harvard people I really disliked - it turned out he was to play a deplorable role in the Vietnam War and also in violations of trusts relating to the Arnold Arboretum - I do not consider any of the botanists responsible, but Arboretum director Karl Sax a distinguished geneticist was fired summarily, and many longtime Arboretum friends such as Mrs Ellery Sedgwick withdrew. I have no criticism of the botanists who bravely carried on after 1955, but I reget the role of Bundy and some of the Harvard lawyers. Lou Newell I think suggested Fine Arts 13 as good course to audit - with Winthrop House's Jim Fowle, who lived with his wife and small children in J Entry. I remember him talking about Monet and the Impressionists and Cezanne's use of color to creat depth and discussing the movement of the viewpoint of the observer in many moderm artists. Classical perspective sought to show a scene from a single viewpoint, with attention to size of objects as they actually appear on the retina. Picasso has many startling examples of a moved viewing point --on a single canvas a head will be seen both fromally and in side view. This was not entirely new in the twentieth century, as Monet in a picture of a waitnress at the Follies-Bergere has a gentleman talking to her appearing much larger than he really would in a mirror - he might be the painter himself as in Velasquez' view of the Spanish royal family of Philip IV - or he might be the viewer - who becomes a character in the scene - but the viewpoint is enlarged, in a manner increasingly understood in the twentieth sentury. Fowle also commented on the limpness of the baby in Picisso's 1937 Guernica - babies do go through an age phase where their muscles are very limp when they sleep. Jim Fowle had young children and this time, and I baby-sat for the Fowles in J Entry at least once. At various times I audited Bruce Hopper's course on International Diplomacy, Bullitt on eighteenth century English literature where Jack Bate made guest lectures [Bob Owen was taking the course, and they spent much time on Jonathan Swift], Arthur Schlesinger American Intellectual History - I remember discussions of Karl Schurz, Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward", Robert Albion Oceanic History History 168, a few chemisty lectures of Professor Lingane in Quantitative Analysis - I think experiments had to be accurate to one part in ten thousand. Junior year 1955-6 I audited Social Sciences 4 - anthropological with Clyde Kluckhohn and Henry Murray - Peter Nathan and Bob Leet and his future wife Helena Pellegrini Radcliffe 1958 were in the course, and I think perhaps Bob Barnett also. Zen Buddhism in Japan was one of the many cultural topics. Some years later I sat next to Henry Murray at a Phil Beta Kappa dinner in the Fogg courtyard -I remember him using the word 'guru', which I had not heard before. The Economics 106a course was a useful preparation for departmental exams, as we studied the ideas and writings of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, James and John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes and others. Other influential economists discussed at various phases were Thorstein Veblen - partly a sociology with his ironic "Pecuniary canons of taste" - Thomas Malthus with his gllomy view - the Fabian socialists including Beatrice and Sidney Webb and George Bernanrd Shaw and various health care advocates such as Stafford Cripps and Aneurein Bevan in the Atlee Labor government 1940s-1950 in Britain, and Harry Truman's advisor Oscar Ewing in 1948. My family had enjoyed the benefits of Navy medical care during our years in Hawaii in World War 2, and I was at least interested in the idea of universal health care. On the other hand, my father's half-brother William Joseph Barrett for a number of years was in charge of Policyholders Service Bureau at Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York and later company Secretary 1951-62 so I saw materials on the viewpoint of the largest health insurance company, which tried to lower premiums by preventing accidents, tuberculosis, and venereal dieases. Subsequent experience has shown that government can contribute to better health care, but there are few east or complete solutions. The teaching hospitals have especial problems still today as when I wrote in 1957. Galbraith was patient and helpful and a remarkable person to know. His early work was in agriculture, and he was in the World War 2 Office of Price Administration OPA with Chester Bowles. He had been a speech writer for Adlai Stevenson and others but became more famous later as Kennedy's Ambassador to India and author of many books such as "The Affluent Society". I took Economics 181 with John Dunlop still active at Harvard and a stimulating lecturer who collaborated on a Labor text with Archibald Cox. In the reading period we read Arthur Goldberg's "AFL-CIO Labor United" - an account how Goldberg played a major role in forming a federation of most of the major labor unions, though Teamsters and others subsequently withdrew. Goldberg became a member of United States Supreme Court. I also took James Munn's course on the Old Testament English 35 and Robert McClosky's Government 124 Constitutional Law and Psychology 148 Cognitive Process in Personality with Jerome Bruner and George Miller. They discussed the child development observations of French Georges Piaget, and like the gestalt researchers, emphasized that cognition is a complex, structured process, not easily reduced to behavioristic stimulus-and-response. I remember Bob Leet has in that class and went on to University of Albany Medical School, some time in the space program and then clinic practical connected with Massachusetts General Hospital in Charlestown I believe. I audited some of his father's Geology 1 lectures and Professor Kummel's, and in 1962 I heard Professor Leet the Harvard seismologist, argue that underground nuclear explosions can be differentiated from earthquakes because of the ways different types of waves act on reacting the liquid core of the earth. There are S and P waves that behave differently on reaching the liquid layer, so underground nuclear test bans are verifiable. Senior year sponsored by Ed Galvin, I joined Pi Eta Club, - an extravagance, but it led to many lasting friendships, and my father and mother attended many dinners there which Cecil Saunders and Norm Wood prepared. I got to know most of the Harvard hockey players and attended many games beginning winter 1956-7. Bill and Bob Cleary and Bobby [E. Robert] Owen introduced me to many other people, including Dan Ullyot, John Copeland, Bob McVey,Frank Bachinsky and a great many of the classes of 1958, 1959, and later 1960. I already knew many of the swimmers in Winthrop House, Griff Winthrop, Tom Cochran, Greg Stone, Koni Ulbrich, Bill Boeckler. Senior year I roomed with Ted Davidson, a crew enthusiast who grew up n Panama Canal Zone and I believe died in an accident not long after college. Graduation week there was as usual excellent weather, and a good chance to visit with many classmates and their families, and in many cases girl friends and wives. My old neighbor Ed Galvin was married to Audrey Nolan of West Roxbury summer 1956, went in the Marines, - now has eight children. The majority of classmates waited until after graduation, but many of the Pi Eta friends are still married to the girls they were dating in 1957. q |
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Genetics Molecular Biology Word list [to be treated later] Cyclophilin A caveolae fision pore, lysosomes, histones, chromatin capsid apoptosis telomere chaperone ubiquitin Freund's adjuvant protease lac operon inosine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase promoter [region of DNA] 5' untranslated regions of mRNA chemokines complement [immunologically active group of blod proteins] plasmids transposons major histocompatibilty complex immunoglobulins- heavy and light chains variable and constant regions antibodies cell-mediated immunity antigen-presenting cells dendritic and others macrophages monocytes 3' inititation-elongation-termination [of polypeptide synthesis] polyadenylation cistron, alternative splicing third-codon"wobble" (Francis Crick) reading frame Cells have an outside semipermeable double layered plasma membrane with two leaflets of glycolipid and phospholipid molecules. both contain cholesterol. the plasma membrane has a hydrophobic core. the outer layer has much phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin, and glycolipids - the inner phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol. Different viruses have found a variety of cellular receptors through which they can enter cells, often after using a docking mechanism. The carbohydrate sialic acid was one of the first cellular receptors discovered to permit entry of some virues. Influenza, and some rhinoviruses, Sendai virus, group A porcine rotavirus, and bovine parvovirus enter cells via the sialic acid receptor. Heparan sulfate is the receptor for Dengue fever, foot-and-mouth disease, and many herpesviruses. Vaccinia of the poxviruses may use heparan sulfate or epidermal growth factor receptor. HIV needs specialized receptors of CD4 lymphoid cells and macrophages. DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA contains the genetic information of cellular organisms prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotic multicellular organisms, which usually have more than one chromosome and a nuclear membrane around the nucleus. Non-coding regions called INTRONS occur between sections of GENES called EXONS which encode PROTEINS. Three large molecules RNA POLYMERASES move along one strand of DNA from 3' to 5' end to transcribe genetic information from the DNA. POLYMERASE I forms the 18S RNA of the ribosome SMALL SUBUNIT and the 28 and 5.8 S RNAs of the ribosome LARGE SUBUNIT. These numbers refer to how these molecules move in ultracentrifuges, reflecting their sizes. POLYMERASE II transcribes MESSENGER RNA mRNA and the "small nuclear RNAs" snRNAs. Polymerase III transcribes 5 S RNA also in ribosome large subunit, and the 32 transfer RNAs, tRNAs, which have 73-93 nucleotides and have three looped structures, which attach specific amino acids at the 3' end. DNA is more stable than RNA because it mutates less and because there are several repair mechanisms in DNA. In DNA ADENINE A pairs with THYMINE T, whereas in RNA ADENINE pairs with URACIL U. In both DNA and RNA GUANINE G pairs with CYTOSINE C. rRNA and tRNA are housekeeping materials that occur in all cells, but Messenger RNAs are produced according to the needs of specific cells such as erthyrocytes that need hemoglobin, and so Messenger RNAs are produced when needed, as for instance on viral infection. Great precision is needed in splicing out non-coding regions, as a single missing or added codon [nucleotide] will throw off the reading of the triplet code by which proteins are designated. Spliceosomes containing several small nuclear RNAs snRNAs with proteins perform this function. An intron normally begins with codons GU snd ends with AG. ALTERNATIVE SPLICING permits a few genes to make a greater variety of PROTEINS. Messenger RNAs begin with a cap at the 5' end, and the normal signal to begin TRANSLATION is AUG, which encodes amino acid METHIONINE at the beginning of each protein chain. TRANSFER RNAs bring up the indicated amino acid during ELONGATION until a termination signal is reached. VIRUSES have developed diverse strategies to cause the cell's own ribosomal machinery to synthesize the proteins the virus needs for its reproduction and spread. Many viruses encode their genetic information in RNA - others DNA. The discovery of RNA viruses showed a very important exception to the rule observed in cellular organisms that information is stored in DNA and transcribed to RNA and translated to PROTEIN. A number of different classes of virus achieve this in different ways. By convention, mRNA is defined as positive + and many viruses have negative -minus strands. David Baltimore has designated six classes of viruses depending whether they have DNA or RNA and how many positive and negative strands. CLASS I contains DOUBLE STRAND DNA viruses - seven groups: There are five icosahedral shaped groups the circular Papovaviruses[simian virus 40], the linear Adenoviruses, both without envelopes and the enveloped circle-gapped Hepadnaviruses and linear Herpesviruses and the ctyoplasmic Iridoviruses - then Helical enveloped Baculoviruses and cytoplasmic enveloped complex-shaped Poxviruses - all with DNA. In the Baltimore classification Class III has two stranded RNA viruses, with one + and one - strand : the RNA is segmented with two RNA molecules in the BIRNAVIRUSES and ten-18 segments in the REOVIRUSES. Baltimore Class IV viruses have a SINGLE + strand of RNA which for replication generates a Negative strand -, which then creates a + mRNA - there are four types - the naked Icosahedral PICORNAVIRUSES include POLIOMYELITIS, foot-and-mouth disease, Encephalomyocarditis, Coxsackie, Echo- Entero- Hepatitis A and 91 types of Rhinoviruses - the last of nose colds. The CALICIVIRUSES reproduce similarly, as do the Enveloped FLAVIVIRUSES and TOGAVIRUSES [dengue fever, Sindbis, + Semliki forest viruses]. These groups have the RNA in a single molecule between 3.5 and 12 kilobases - relatively small. Baltimore class V viruses are enveloped and helical and have a single negative - RNA strand - six groups FILO- RHABDO- [rabies] BUNYA- ORTHOMYXO- [influenza A,B,C] PARAMYXO- [measles and Sendai] and BUNYA- VIRUSES. CLASS SIX are the RETROVIRUSES, which have two copies of a positive + RNA genome.These include Human Immunodeficiency virus HIV gibbon,age, murine, bovine, feline leukemia viruses, and Visna virus. ACYCLOVIR 9-(2-Hydroxymethyl) guanine Chian terminator; inhibits viral DNA replication vs HSV herpes simplex, VZV varicella-zoster AMANTADINE Tricyclo[3,3,1]dec-1-ylamine HCl Ion Channel blocker v. Influenza A virus FAMCICLOVIR 9-(4-Acetoxy-3-acetoxymethylbut-1-yl guanine Chain terminator inhibits viral DNA replication v. VSV FOSCARNET Trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate Noncompetitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase (pyrophosphate-binding site) v. HSV + other herpesviruses GANCICLOVIR 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine Competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase v. HCMV human cytomegalovirus, HSV IDOXURIDINE 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and TRIFLUOROTHYMIDINE Disrupt transcription & translation after incorporation into viral DNA v. HSV RIBAVIRIN 1-b-D-Ribofuranoxyl-1,2,4 triazole 3-carboxamide unclear mechanism v. RSV respiratory syncytial virus VIDARABINE 9-b-D-Arabinofuranoxyl adenine monohydrate DNA synthesis inhibitor mechanism unknown v. HSV, VZV Study of viral life cycles is likely to show ways to disrupt their penetration of cell membranes through specific types of receptors and their transport to cell nuclei and ribosomes where many operate. Some use clathrin coated pits by pinocytosis - others utilize first early endosomes in outer cell layers and then late endosomes nearer the nuclear membranes or envelope - texts use different terminology. |
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. Locations of RED HEADED STEPCHILD text chapters by WEB PAGE SEQUENCE--- p ONE at photo #7 Philadelphia 1937 -=-p SEVEN Home is the Sailor Massachusetts 1947-1969 p 13 THIRTEEN at photos #100,101,102 HANNIBAL Panama-Costa Rica 1933-4-5 -but see best photo at p 102 # 1482 -=- p. FOURTEEN # 111 WILLIAM JOSEPH BARRETT -=- p.SEVENTEEN-EIGHTEEN 5 China-TULSA main text at p. 18 #139 photos at #135,#136,#137,138,#139 -=- p. EIGHTEEN 18 # 142 BROOKLYN-NEW YORK- HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE August 1939-July 1941 -=- p. TWENTY-FOUR 24 #783 EAGLE 19 BOSTON and family photo p.36 #922 -=- p TWENTY-FIVE HONEYMOON on PRESIDENT PIERCE January-March 1932 via Philippines, Egypt, Europe-=-p TWENTY-NINE #864 TRUXTUN p. TWENTY-NINE 29 #867 OVER THE MOUNTAIN" WESTERN NATIONAL PARKS summer 1947. -=- p. THIRTY-ONE at photo #877 Boston Latin School 1902-1906. Related photos p 41 #960,#961. -=- p. FORTY-TWO at #965 or #333 HOME IS THE SAILOR 1947-1969 -=-p FORTY-FOUR #986 VOYAGE to the ORIENT "SLOW BOAT TO CHINA" transport USS HENDERSON 1930 -=- p.FIFTY FOUR Frank DELAHANTY letters relate to battleship WYOMING, Naval War College, Virginia 1935 destroyer CLAXTON 1936 Hawaii 1946 and to 1970s. -=- page 55 FIFTY-FIVE Web page FIFTY-FIVE contains First five chapters of VOLUME ONE of RED HEADED STEPCHILD Sophie Ruth Meranski Barrett family, Hartford Connecticut and Mount Holyoke College, social work, and marriage to 1930. Chapter ONE is Hartford and Mount Holyoke.Chapter TWO discusses social work 1923-1930 mainly in Philadelphia and New York. Chapter THREE GREENWICH VILLAGE ROMANCE Sophie meets Lieutenant Jack Barrett August 1928,and they marry June 1929 . Chapter FOUR contains text of Sophie's 1925 Economics + Sociology master's thesis "The Young Offender and the Criminal Law in Massachusetts". Chapter FIVE presents Meranski family letters.-=- Web page FIFTY-SIX 56 begins with Chapter SIX "Musical Interests of Sophie and Jack Barrett" I am thinking of dividing RED HEADED STEPCHILD into Three VOLUMES. The first is fairly complete - Young Sophie Meraanski and her family, Hartford, Mount Holyoke College, social work marriage. The SECOND VOLUME follows JACK BARRETT AT SEA - Revenue Cutter School, briefly LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE, RESERVE + REGULAR NAVY 1909 to 1947, most of the time away fom Boston except 1912 and 1932-3. This VOLUME is getting near completion, as this week I have got the very long CHINA- TULSA chapter 1931 in near final form - a very important chapter that had to be pieced together from many sources, which has a great deal of Sophie's personal reminiscence. Most of VOLUME TWO will soon be ready for proofreaders. The EAGLE 19 chapter 1932-3 and NEW YORK- BROOKLYN HYDROGRAPHIC 1939-41 chapter have been put together during August 2000. There remains VOLUME THREE - THE BARRETTS in BOSTON - The WILLIAM JOSEPH BARRETT chapter with important ANITA DOUREDOURE material has been on the website for some time, and in AUGUST the BOSTON PUBLIC LATIN SCHOOLS chapter has been re-edited with many additions, including materials on Dan Lyne, David Niles, John Carroll Poland of West Roxbury Historical Society, Dr. James . Moloney Captain USN and more. Sophie Barrett's chapter on {early) "BARRETT FAMILY HISTORY" may be split and expanded, as a great deal of material is available, and also materials on Cork Ireland and South Boston and the chapter "CHILDHOOD + SCHOOLS." A considerable portion of a chapter on Jack Barrett's father "JOHN ROBERT BARRETT" 1854-1942 is in existence, and there is material for Chapters on Jack's half-sister Mollie, various Buckley O Farrell Hartigan Lane Lynch Mehegan and Fahrbach relations, which will require considerable time and effort. Current Sophie's chapter H-O-M-E I-S T-H-E S-A-I-L-O-R 1947-1969 is the next priority, partly because Jack Barrett's Boston College Law School 1951 classmates will be observing their fiftieth reunion in 2001. Jack's legal interests probably will deserve a separate chapter - he began law school nights 1927-9 at Fordham Bronx campus- completed LL.B 1951 at Boston College and wrote master's tax thesis at Northeastern Law 1963. His thesis on abolition of Sixty-Five Day Rule in federal income taxation of Trusts and Estates appears on lower portion of web. page ninety-one. Jack and Sophie took a great interest in the debating at Roxbury Latin School under Albert Kelsey and in the music of Giuseppe deLellis, and Sophie raised a great deal of money for Roxbury Latin School TRIPOD magazine - they lived three blocks from the school, and this part of their story can be put together. Many photos survive from their West Roxbury years,and these will be listed and described. They both were active in Wet Roxbury Historical Society - Sophie for more than a decade. Comments of interested persons might be very helpful, especially those with photos or other material, and proofreaders specializing in particular chapters could help enormously - VOLUME I chapter SIX Musical Interests of Jack and Sophie Barrett Web page Fifty-Six then contains VOLUME TWO chapters of Jack Barrett's years at Hydrographic Office and in U.S. Navy from 1912 through about 1927. The first item focuses on Jack's mentor at Naval Hydrogaphic Office 1913-1916 Gershom Bradford, and his maritime writings, including material on S-4 submarine sinking and rescue effort December 1927. The next chapter begins when Jack returned to South Boston after Revenue Cutter School November 1911, has material on his Lighthouse Service experience in Maine 1912, four years in Washington 1913-1916 at Naval Hydrographic Office, Naval Reserve Officer duty World War I and commercial experience. Then there is material on destroyer TOUCEY 1921, battleship WYOMING 1922-2. -=- Web page FIFTY-SEVEN 57 gathers materials on Barrett family years in Hawaii 1941-1947, including Jack's frustrating attempt as Assistant War Plans Officer to warn superior officers of grave danger at Pearl Harbor, and then his work four years 1941-5 as Assistant Personnel Officer in charge of Overseas Transportation Office, handling all surface transportation of Navy Personnel and families.Other materials are being placed in more convenient sequence, and over 550 photos relate to materials. -=- Lower half Web p. SIXTY-FIVE second copy of Sophie Barrett 1925 Master Thesis Mount Holyoke -=- p SIXTY-SIX In 1923-4 Jack took Junior Course at Neval War College, Newport, Rhode Island,and his TACTICS thesis spring 1924 appears on web page SIXTY-SIX 66. -=- Material on MARBLEHEAD 1924-1927 is being gathered on web page SIXTY-SEVEN and includes subsequent experiences of Phil Dahlquist, Micky and Maimie Ashley of Shanghai, Harold Fultz, Eddie Arroyo, George Phillips, Forrest Close, Alexander Sharp, the Craig family of Melbourne, Australia, and the Anderson and Rainey families of New Zealand. -=- p. SEVENTY-EIGHT Material on Revenue Cutter School 1909-11 includes many photos of Mediterranean cruises and text now on web page SEVENTY-EIGHT 78. --p.EIGHTY-ONE tanker TRINITY 1938-9 and Coronado-Pardees p EIGHTY_TWO COMMAND of DESTROYER CLAXTON 1935-6 p EIGHTY-TWO #1312. -=- p NINETY-ONE Jack Barrett 1953 Northeastern Law School master's thesis in Taxation, - portion of chapter "HOME IS THE SAILOR 1947-1969". Web page 102 best photo of HANNIBAL personnel May 1934 with first portion of chapter text.. |
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Robert Buckley traveled over a million miles as a representative of Singer Corporation, in their progam of flight simulation machines for trainig of air pilots. Both his father and mother Richard and Helen Buckley were grandchildren of Michael Buckley 1834-1918 of Moskeigh, Templemartin, Bandon, county Cork, Ireland. Richard was the eldest of nine children of Michael Buckley jr and Jane Swindell, who lived for a number of years on Watergate St. in Bandon after Michael worked in Irish constabulary and barytes mines. Many of that family went to Ilford, England, and Richard and his four brothers became accountants. Richard came to the Buffalo, New York, area about 1924 and married his cousin Helen, who was born in Philadelphia 1894 and lived on East Eight St.in South Boston and in Milford, Massachusetts in 1890s before her father John Buckley moved to Buffalo around 1900. He had four children, and one of Helen's older sisters Mrs. Carlin had ten children and forty grandchildren in the Buffalo suburb Blasdell. John Barrett met Richard and Helen and Bob Buckley in a January 1792 visit, after he had visited Loretto Buckley at Moskeigh July-August 1971. Richard Buckley drove John to see Niagara Falls in winter - John had seen the falls with his father and mother August 1947. Helen Buckley was an enthusiastic schoolteacher. Richard and Helen lived into their mid-to-late eighties, but Robert died of prostate cancer about 1993. |
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